Pogonomyrmex californicus

Colony Structure and Reproduction: Pogonomyrmex californicus colonies are facultatively polygynous, meaning they can have multiple queens. However, most colonies are founded and sustained by a single queen. Occasionally, multiple queens cooperate in colony founding, a phenomenon known as pleometrosis. Reproduction peaks around July when reproductive individuals are present.

Size and Appearance: Queens of Pogonomyrmex californicus range from 10-13mm, while workers are smaller, typically measuring 6-9mm. These ants are characterized by their ferruginous red color, with coarse cephalic and thoracic rugae. The interspaces are strongly shining and faintly punctate. The petiolar node is short, broad, and features a prominent nipple with a steep anterior declivity.

Feeding Behavior: Pogonomyrmex californicus ants are primarily seed harvesters but also prey on arthropods such as raisin moth larvae. They forage during the day, either individually or in groups, forming columns. They require a diet of seeds, nuts, grains, protein, and water. Chia seeds should be available at all times, as they consume more seeds than other harvester ant species like Messor.

Activity and Habitat: These ants are found in open, warm, and sandy areas, often constructing nests with entrances surrounded by loose sand arranged in a circular or semicircular pattern. Their nests are deep, enabling them to access the water table and maintain high humidity. In the wild, nest tunnels can be up to 65 meters from the entrance, which helps in defense and food storage.

Temperature and Humidity: Pogonomyrmex californicus thrives in temperatures between 28-31°C. Their nests require humidity levels of 60-75%. Although they do not undergo true hibernation, they benefit from a diapause period of 2-3 months at around 15°C to stimulate brood production.